新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生以來,我們堅(jiān)持人民至上、生命至上,堅(jiān)持外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈,堅(jiān)持動態(tài)清零,因時因勢不斷調(diào)整防控措施,疫情防控取得重大戰(zhàn)略成果。今年3月以來,經(jīng)過全國上下勠力同心、并肩作戰(zhàn),我們經(jīng)受住了武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)以來最為嚴(yán)峻的防控考驗(yàn),取得了階段性成效。什么是動態(tài)清零?為什么要堅(jiān)持動態(tài)清零?近日,四位中外記者坐在一起開啟了深度探討,聊了聊他們對于中國防疫政策的想法。
動態(tài)清零不是“零新冠”
包括英國廣播公司(BBC)在內(nèi)的多家外媒在提到中國的防疫政策時,經(jīng)常將“動態(tài)清零”翻譯成“zero-COVID policy”,即“零新冠感染”,這其實(shí)是一個非常大的誤解。
那么,到底什么是動態(tài)清零(dynamic zero-COVID policy)?曾在新冠疫情初期深入武漢報(bào)道的中國日報(bào)記者孟哲認(rèn)為,這個政策并不是指不允許中國國內(nèi)出現(xiàn)新冠疫情案例,而在于一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠確診病例后,就要快速高效地應(yīng)對,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況采取包括快速檢測、大規(guī)模檢測以及封控等在內(nèi)的措施。
It means once a COVID case was spotted, it uses efficient and fast measures to tackle the COVID cases with measures like fast testing, massive testing and, of course, including lockdowns.
此外,動態(tài)清零的目標(biāo)是盡快把疫情控制在可控的區(qū)間里,而不是單純做到零感染。
中國疫情防控堅(jiān)持動態(tài)清零政策,是“人民至上、生命至上”的生動實(shí)踐。
外籍記者石花姐(Stephanie Stone)從數(shù)據(jù)上做了直觀對比:中國的新冠死亡人數(shù)低于1.5萬人,而英國的新冠死亡人數(shù)超過了17萬人。她認(rèn)為,從數(shù)據(jù)上看可以很肯定地說中國的防疫政策大大降低了死亡率,保護(hù)了人民健康。
China's COVID-related death toll, which is under 15,000, whereas in the UK it's about 172,000. If you look at data, I could say the policy greatly reduced the death rate and protects people. This is quite an effective policy.
奧密克戎殺傷力減弱,沒必要動態(tài)清零?
有一些觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,相比疫情暴發(fā)初期,如今的奧密克戎毒株傳播力強(qiáng)、隱匿性高,但殺傷力也大大削弱,因此沒有必要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持動態(tài)清零的政策。
事實(shí)上并非如此,許多國家放棄嚴(yán)格的防疫政策后反而出現(xiàn)了意想不到的亂象,陷入尷尬境地。中國日報(bào)記者徐潘依如列舉了英國的案例。
In the UK, the British hospitals are warning people to stay away because of the COVID stress. And millions of patients are told "do not go to A&E" because of the COVID stress.
在英國,各家醫(yī)院已經(jīng)告誡民眾,由于新冠疫情壓力陡增,盡量不要前往醫(yī)院。更有數(shù)百萬病人被告知不要去掛急診。
她認(rèn)為,如果同樣的事情發(fā)生在中國,情況將會更加糟糕,因?yàn)橹袊S多農(nóng)村地區(qū)的病床數(shù)和醫(yī)療資源遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。如果疫情失控,國內(nèi)的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)將承受巨大壓力。
石花姐在了解中國的國情后,也對中國采取的防疫措施表示理解。
I get that China's doing what it feels is best for China. And I understand that just suddenly going hands-off with the policy could be very overwhelming and stressful on medical resources.
我理解中國目前所做的一切都是為了老百姓著想,如果突然一下子放任自流會對醫(yī)療資源和醫(yī)護(hù)人員產(chǎn)生巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。
封控帶來的不利影響
持續(xù)了兩年的疫情給全球各國都造成了或多或少的影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會生活和對外文化交流受到限制,不少人不能與家人朋友團(tuán)聚,甚至有人出現(xiàn)了心理健康問題。
來自英國的老衲(Nathan Williams)發(fā)現(xiàn)疫情給許多英國人的心理蒙上了一層陰霾。
I was looking at the office of National Statistics in the UK and they were tracking people's well-being over COVID. They saw levels of anxiety increase, and people's life-satisfaction decrease over the past two years. The NHS has also seen a 72 percent increase in young people seeking help for eating disorders.
英國國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局曾追蹤并統(tǒng)計(jì)了民眾在新冠疫情期間的心理狀況。結(jié)果顯示,過去兩年,人們的焦慮感普遍上升,生活滿意度有所下降。英國國家醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系發(fā)現(xiàn),年輕人中由于飲食失調(diào)問診的人數(shù)上升了72%。
石花姐認(rèn)為,在這種情況下,國家和社會“應(yīng)該調(diào)動相關(guān)資源,普及身心健康教育”。
…there's a very real individual cost to lockdown, to these kinds of measures: mentally, emotionally, physically. I think that needs to be addressed and validated. There needs to be resources and education available. Because at a certain point, "grin-and-bear-it" for the greater good just is not enough.
話說回來,封控這類措施確實(shí)對個體有著真切的影響,無論是心理上、情感上、還是身體方面,我們需要承認(rèn)這些影響的存在,并采取措施應(yīng)對,應(yīng)該調(diào)動相關(guān)資源普及相關(guān)的身心健康教育,因?yàn)槿痰侥硞€程度我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)僅有這種舍小為大的做法是不夠的。
動態(tài)清零適合中國國情
到底什么樣的疫情防控政策是正確的?或許正如孟哲所說,“可能我們還能找到更好的防疫策略,但目前我們在執(zhí)行的防疫政策是最適合中國國情的。”
徐潘依如認(rèn)為,即便如此,政策制定后也不是萬事大吉,政府還要根據(jù)變化不斷進(jìn)行調(diào)整以適應(yīng)實(shí)際情況。
Chinese government's decision to stick with the policy is based on the situation and it's not once-and-for-all. It keeps adapting to new changes.
長期參與疫情相關(guān)報(bào)道的孟哲認(rèn)為,在推動疫情防控的過程中,作為政府,應(yīng)當(dāng)讓民眾充分了解所實(shí)施的具體防疫政策?!罢咴酵该?,人民越安心。”作為媒體人,有責(zé)任做好疫情相關(guān)報(bào)道,讓民眾更加了解實(shí)際的狀況。
I think the government should let people know what the specific policy is when handling COVID cases. A more transparent governance will put people at ease. And as media people, I think we should report what really happens inside the country and let people know what the situation is.
出品人:王浩
監(jiān)制:柯榮誼
統(tǒng)籌:何娜
制片人:高啟輝 左卓
剪輯:Nathan Williams
編導(dǎo)/編輯:焦?jié)?胡雨濛
主持人:Nathan Williams
Stephanie Stone 孟哲 徐潘依如
特別致謝:王瑜 楊璐榕
實(shí)習(xí)生:王欣
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